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The APOE (Apolipoprotein E) gene is a critical genetic factor in AD, with its ε4 allele being the strongest known genetic risk factor for AD. APOE is involved in lipid metabolism and plays a crucial role in the clearance of β-amyloid (Aβ), a protein that forms plaques in the brains of AD patients. The presence of the ε4 allele is associated with an increased risk of amyloid accumulation, neuroinflammation, and tau pathology, which collectively contribute to neurodegeneration. Despite its central role in AD, the relationship between APOE and AD remains an active area of research as scientists strive to better understand the mechanisms involved and develop personalized strategies for prevention and treatment.
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