Sex-based disparities in Alzheimer’s disease are increasingly recognized as a factor in understanding the prevalence, progression, and treatment outcomes of the disease. Women account for nearly two-thirds of Alzheimer’s cases in the U.S., a disparity long attributed to their longer lifespans, but recent research reveals deeper biological and sociocultural contributors. Recognizing sex as a variable in neurodegenerative diseases is foundational for advancing Alzheimer’s disease research and improving patient care.